I'll give it a shot.

The Luke verse speaking of buying a sword (Luke 22:36) is Jesus' way of saying for them to be ready for anything. The sword suggests resistance against the evil one (Eph. 6:17).
The centurion of Matt. 8, Luke 7, shows us how one understands rulers and their God given ability to rule over them. IOW they believe there is no authority given to man, such as that of rulers, that is not of God. They recognize it and are obedient to such rulers.
Not sure what you mean about, John the Baptist, the soldiers who asked what must we do and cleansing of the temple. A scripture ref. would be helpful.

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