τοῦ βαπτίσματος εἰς τὸν θάνατον
tou baptismatos into ton thanaton
("baptism into death")
This verse was posted on screen prior to a baptism which took place at my church - Romans 6:4, there are a number of English ways to read it.
Context: Romans 5:21 > 6:7
21so that, as sin reigned in death, even so grace would reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. 1What shall we say then? Are we to continue in sin so that grace may increase? 2May it never be! How shall we who died to sin still live in it? 3Or do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus have been baptized into His death? 4Therefore we have been buried with Him through baptism into death, so that as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too might walk in newness of life. 5For if we have become united with Him in the likeness of His death, certainly we shall also be in the likeness of His resurrection, 6knowing this, that our old self was crucified with Him, in order that our body of sin might be done away with, so that we would no longer be slaves to sin; 7for he who has died is freed from sin. (NASB)
Before breaking out a heavy load of Greek, here is the way in which I asked myself about the different ways to read verse 4. I have inserted dashes to assist into two reading for emphasis sake:
1) Therefore we have been buried with him - through baptism - into death
2) Therefore we have been buried with him through - baptism into death.
As I thought of what these different readings could imply... I realized I would need to get deeper into the Greek. Without any conception of what I would find, I have become aware that at times, articles "a" and "the" are omitted by the translators that can clarify things for us.

The reason I have posted the NASB above, is that it has used a sort of "clean up" method in omitting some Greek articles that appear, perhaps "unnecessary" in English. But I ask: "if read aloud in the churches of Rome, should we not read with them also?" (meaning every Greek word).
The Greek reads, word for word:
[we were baptized] [therefore] [of/into him] [by/through] [the/one] [baptism] [into] [the/one] [death].
http://biblehub.com/interlinear/romans/6-4.htm
The blue is omitted by the NASB. To diagnose the reason why the translators omitted the articles, I suggest that NASB inserts context as it appears to them to defining personal baptism (my guess of their view - a baptism perhaps either by water, or spirit, but in either case, related to our personal baptism event).
However, the NASB has changed some terminology, and mingled some ideas that were not being asserted in the text.
A literal translation of the rest of verse 4-5:
that even as Christ was raised up out of the dead through the glory of the Father, so also we in newness of life might walk. 5For, if we have become planted together to the likeness of his death, [so] also we shall be of the rising again;
Here the understanding is quite clear that there are two things which liken us to Christ, his death, and bodily resurrection (Gospel fundamentals). Our newness of life is tied to his resurrection. It is what gives us the right or ability to walk in newness of life. The word for newness [2538. kainotés] is this akin to "eternal life".
Hypothesis:
'the baptism' and 'the death' are a single and certain baptism, defined as Christ's singular death. His one single death is applicable to the group of people to whom Paul writes (the we). Therefore Paul is not speaking of each of us in an individual sense. He speaks of us as a whole, not all individually. (he does not say either: "we each were", or "every one of us"). The Baptism of Repentance (John's Baptism), of which Jesus Christ ceremonially participated and said was necessary for righteousness is then - in spiritual terms - a baptism which symbolizes nothing more than faith in Christ's ministry (which was his death).
Conclusion:
The assertion is often made, that Romans 6:1-7 are relating Christ's sinless life, as a fundamental similarity (a requirement) with respect to our day to day living. This is false. The passage simply asserts that our "newness" or "refreshing" of life, is will resemble Christ's Glory in resurrection, or, that our hope of resurrection is assured to be the same as Christ's resurrection.
Discussion:
Romans 6:8-11 demonstrate the principle of a future life:
8And if we died with Christ, we believe that we also shall live with him,
(i.e your hope of new life is in living with Christ in bodily resurrection)
9knowing that Christ, having been raised up out of the dead, doth no more die, death over him hath no more lordship; 10for in that he died, to the sin he died once, and in that he liveth, he liveth to God; 11so also ye, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to the sin, and living to God in Jesus Christ our Lord.
What does it mean in practicality to reckon (consider) yourself to be dead to sin? It means quite simply that you should regard yourself with the same mindset which Christ is regarded, eternally alive, and sinless. Does this mean you have attained sinlessness in your every day living. Absolutely not. It is simply encouragement to keep your mind on the eternal, on everlasting life.
Many terrible conclusions can be drawn from the idea that Christians live a sinless life after believing/conversion. The worst, is the accusation that a transgression causes loss of salvation. Another is that our 'walking' in this present life is necessarily either glorified or powerful. If indeed we are always glorified and sinless, what sense does it make to preach the Beatitudes?
We are not told our lives are sinless, not at all. Eph 4 says:
22ye are to put off concerning the former behaviour the old man, that is corrupt according to the desires of the deceit, 23and to be renewed in the spirit of your mind, 24and to put on the new man, which, according to God, was created in righteousness and kindness of the truth.
It is not then about behavior attaining perfection, but simply a mental state of mind which accepts our "new" identity. It is really nothing more than mediating on Godliness, which inspires truthfulness. It is a contrast of either deceitfulness/truthfulness. {note the similarity between Paul's epistles and John's: lie/darkness, vs. truth/light}
Do not make baptism about a personal death to 'ourselves' because we don't have "two selves", Christ died to set you, yourself, your normal self, FREE. Not free-of sin, but free from a sin-master. Paul personifies sin as a master, it is therefore Christ as master from whom you now will receive wages (which are resurrection to new life).
"The wages of sin is death" (Rom 6:23) is to do with the concept of the servant receiving his wages from the master. If sin is your master, you can only receive death, but if Jesus your master, eternal life.
(In that time frame a servant could be set free from slavery, but upon freedom he was without any property or much rights, and would be required to set up a contract by which he would then be paid small wages for his labor. In effect, sin being a master is the hopeless situation for which slaves of the day were in, unable to pay-off their debts for housing and food - perpetually enslaved to the same master, but for 'wages'. A sin master pays in death. To bet set free from the sin master is to be liberated from an 'eternal' cycle of death)
Jesus being Lord of your life has nothing to do with sinlessness, or flawless servants, but simply means that you have a contract (Jesus death) to receive different wages. Baptism is transferring your ownership over to Christ, instead of a master of sin.
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